Drivers of cost-push inflation - Europe

GLOBAL MARKETS

Transportation costs

AIR: HIGH | SEA: HIGH
Deep Sea freight costsAir freight costs04-201602-201712-201710-201808-201906-202004-202102-202212-202210-202308-202406-2025100120140160180200
EUROZONE

Wage growth

FADING | NOT INFLATIONARY
WagesHours workedQ1 2016Q1 2017Q1 2018Q1 2019Q1 2020Q1 2021Q1 2022Q1 2023Q1 2024Q1 2025-4%-2%2%4%6%
EUROZONE

Capacity Utilization

LOWER | NOT INFLATIONARY
2016-Q32017-Q32018-Q32019-Q32020-Q32021-Q32022-Q32023-Q32024-Q32025-Q360%65%70%75%80%85%90%

Insights

CONCEPT

How are production costs influencing inflation? We monitor here: (1) global supply chains via key transportation costs to pick-up any bottlenecks (indexed); emerging wage pressures and productivity gains; (3) industrial capacity utilization. Any stress emerging from those factors will likely raise inflation in the near future.

CURRENT READINGS
  • Wage growth in Europe is high, in the top range of 10-year observations. Hourly wage growth is falling against a negligible progress in hours worked - any inflation impact is unlikely.
  • Deep Sea freight costs (=shipping by boat) are currently elevated and declining - a welsome sidng of relief.Air freight costs (=urgent shipping by plane) are elevated: air transportation costs remain relatively high and volatile, pointing out to ongoing inflation pressures.
  • Finally, at 78%, EU industrial capacity utilizationis limited but growing, and remains below the historical limit that anticipates emerging inflation pressures.
MARKET IMPLICATIONS

In light of the above, production activites offer mixed views with some cost-push pressures that could marginally contribute to rising prices.

Remember that inflation is driven by several factors: (1) demand pull factors - too much money chasing too few goods (rising demand for goods & services with shrinking supply) proxied by economic growth; (2) cost push factors analyzed here; (3) changing inflation expectations.